Which organism may require sputum examination for diagnosis?

The organism that may require sputum examination for diagnosis is Paragonimus westermani. This organism is a lung fluke that infects humans and is typically associated with respiratory symptoms due to its migration to the lungs. Sputum examination is particularly useful in diagnosing Paragonimus westermani because eggs or adult worms can be identified in the patient's sputum. The presence of cough, bloody sputum, and chest pain often prompts the need for this type of examination to confirm the presence of the fluke.

In contrast, Trichinella spiralis is primarily diagnosed through the detection of larvae in muscle tissue rather than sputum. Wuchereria bancrofti is a nematode that leads to lymphatic filariasis and is typically diagnosed by finding microfilariae in blood samples. Fasciola hepatica, a liver fluke, is diagnosed through stool examination where eggs are detected. Thus, sputum examination is specifically associated with the diagnosis of Paragonimus westermani due to its unique respiratory implications.