Which organism is primarily responsible for cervical lymphadenitis in children?

Cervical lymphadenitis in children is most commonly linked to the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex. This organism is part of a group of bacteria known as non-tuberculous mycobacteria, which can cause infections particularly in the lymphatic system of children.

The Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex is frequently associated with pediatric cases, especially in those who are immunocompromised or have underlying health issues. The presentation often involves swollen lymph nodes in the neck, which could lead to abscess formation and significant discomfort for the child.

While Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known to cause lymphadenitis, especially in cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, it is less commonly the primary cause of cervical lymphadenitis in the pediatric population. Furthermore, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium marinum do not have a typical association with cervical lymphadenitis in children; Mycobacterium bovis is more associated with zoonotic tuberculosis, while Mycobacterium marinum primarily causes skin and soft tissue infections related to exposure to contaminated water. Thus, the strong association of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare with cervical lymphadenitis in pediatric