What gastrointestinal infections are most commonly caused by extended-spectrum B-lactamase (ESBL) producers?

The gastrointestinal infections most commonly caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers are linked primarily to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. ESBLs are enzymes produced by certain bacteria that confer resistance to a wide variety of beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins. This resistance has made infections caused by these organisms increasingly difficult to treat.

Escherichia coli is a major pathogen associated with urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and gastroenteritis. The strains that produce ESBLs are particularly concerning in clinical settings due to their ability to evade standard antibiotic therapy. Similarly, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a known cause of various infections, including those in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in individuals who are immunocompromised or have underlying health conditions.

Other options describe bacteria that do not primarily align with the ESBL production pattern related to gastrointestinal infections. While Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Vibrio, Campylobacter, and Clostridium are significant pathogens in their own right, they are generally not characterized by common ESBL production. Understanding the link between specific bacterial species and their antibiotic resistance mechanisms is crucial for effective treatment and management