What complication can influenza virus lead to in the elderly?

Influenza virus is particularly dangerous for the elderly due to their weakened immune systems and the presence of comorbidities. One of the most serious complications that can arise from influenza infection is pneumonia. This can occur either as a primary viral pneumonia or as a secondary bacterial pneumonia, often following the viral infection. The inflammation caused by the virus can compromise the respiratory system, allowing bacteria to invade and cause further complications.

In the elderly, this risk is heightened due to age-related factors such as reduced lung function, decreased immune response, and the likelihood of existing health issues, which can significantly exacerbate the severity of pneumonia. Pneumonia can lead to severe health outcomes, including hospitalization and increased mortality rates in older adults, making it a crucial concern during influenza outbreaks in this age group.

While encephalitis, myocarditis, and allergic rhinitis are possible clinical outcomes associated with infections, they are much less common complications of influenza in the elderly compared to pneumonia.