Toxic shock syndrome is most commonly attributed to infection with which organism?

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is most commonly linked to infection with Staphylococcus aureus. This organism produces toxins, particularly the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), which can enter the bloodstream and trigger a severe immune response. TSS is often associated with certain conditions, such as the use of superabsorbent tampons, surgical wounds, or skin infections, where Staphylococcus aureus is present and actively producing these toxins.

The other Staphylococcus species mentioned are less frequently associated with the syndrome. For instance, Staphylococcus epidermidis is typically a skin commensal and rarely causes significant disease outside of certain contexts, such as catheter infections in immunocompromised individuals. Staphylococcus hominis is also a skin commensal and does not play a significant role in TSS. Staphylococcus saprophyticus is primarily known for causing urinary tract infections, particularly in young women, rather than TSS. Therefore, the connection of Staphylococcus aureus with toxic shock syndrome is well established in clinical microbiology and is fundamental for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease.