In the Kauffmann-White schema, what combined antigens are used for serological identification of Salmonella spp.?

In the Kauffmann-White schema, the serological identification of Salmonella species relies on recognizing specific antigens present on the bacterial surface. The correct answer includes O, Vi, and H antigens, which play distinct roles in the classification and identification of Salmonella.

O antigens are associated with the polysaccharide components of the bacterial cell wall and are important in determining the serogroup of the Salmonella isolate. H antigens are flagellar proteins and help identify the motility type of the organism. The Vi antigen, on the other hand, is a capsular antigen found in specific Salmonella serotypes, particularly Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, and can provide additional information used in the differentiation of strains.

By using this combination of O, Vi, and H antigens, microbiologists can accurately identify and classify Salmonella species, which is essential for epidemiological tracking and understanding the pathogenic potential of different strains. The inclusion of all three antigen types ensures a comprehensive approach to serology, thereby enhancing the reliability of the identification process.